![]() As light rays pass through the lens and hits the diode, the processor analyses signals from each diode, and calculates phase differences, to achieve focus in just milliseconds. Each pixel of the sensor comprises of two photodiodes, which can operate together or separately. The dual-pixel autofocus uses a higher number of focus points across the sensor. In recent launches, the technology has further improved, utilising all sub-pixels for dual phase detection and therefore employing all the pixels for autofocusing. Earlier, only a handful of dedicated phase-detect pixels could be used. The method includes comparing pairs of images generated by dividing the incoming light from the object. The popular phase-detect autofocus feature, on the other hand, has dedicated photodiodes in the sensors. It aims to achieve a maximum possible degree of contrast amongst pixels as the intensity difference rises between adjacent pixels with the object being in focus. ![]() Contrast detect is the oldest autofocus technique. Various technologies have evolved to help cameras autofocus better. The lenses of the smartphone cameras need to move their focus to the correct position for that perfect shot. To click a quality image, the focus has to be right. So, how do the cameras deliver on high quality images? Focusing right However, smartphone cameras deal with severe space limitations, making it hard to fit larger sensors and complicated lens arrangements in a sleek smartphone, which is the biggest challenge. This image is processed and recorded by the hardware. The light finally reaches the sensor, which then captures the image. As the light moves towards sensors, the shutter regulates the duration of light-exposure for the sensor. The light reflected from the object enters the lens, the quantity of which is regulated by the aperture - the size of the opening that allows light in. The photographer focuses the lens on the object. Smartphone cameras essentially works like any other camera. Challenges and working of smartphone cameras Loaded with multiple cameras, sensors, and advance software technologies, the science behind working of cameras is exciting. They introduced features like 50 MP sensors, 10x optical zoom (hitting a physics-defying 100x digital zoom in some cases). Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have made some notable advances in camera tech, fitting some incredibly and innovative features in a form factor that one would normally not consider capable.
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